Axillary breast tissue removal, also known as axillary dissection or axillary lymph node dissection, is a surgical procedure performed to remove lymph nodes from the armpit (axilla). This is often done in conjunction with breast cancer surgery or as a separate procedure to address concerns about the spread of cancer. Understanding the process, what to expect before and after, and potential complications is crucial for patients facing this surgery. This comprehensive guide will delve into the details, answering frequently asked questions surrounding this important surgical procedure.
What is Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
Axillary breast tissue removal primarily involves removing lymph nodes from the underarm area. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands that are part of the body's immune system. They filter lymph fluid, a fluid that carries waste products and potentially cancerous cells. If cancer cells are found in the lymph nodes, it indicates the cancer may have spread. The extent of the removal depends on various factors, including the type and stage of cancer and the surgeon's assessment. There are different types of axillary surgery, including:
-
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB): This less invasive procedure involves removing only the first few lymph nodes that drain from the breast. It's often the first step in determining whether cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.
-
Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND): This more extensive surgery involves removing a larger number of lymph nodes from the armpit. It's typically performed when the sentinel lymph node biopsy shows cancer.
-
Axillary lymph node clearance: This is a more extensive surgical removal of lymph nodes in the armpit.
What Happens Before Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
Before surgery, you'll undergo a thorough assessment, including:
-
Physical examination: Your doctor will examine your breast and armpit to determine the extent of the cancer and plan the surgery.
-
Imaging tests: Mammograms, ultrasounds, and possibly CT scans or MRIs will be used to visualize the breast tissue and lymph nodes.
-
Biopsy: A biopsy might be done to confirm the presence and type of cancer cells.
-
Consultation with the surgical team: You'll have detailed discussions with the surgical team about the procedure, risks, benefits, and possible complications. This is your opportunity to ask any questions you might have. You'll also discuss anesthesia options and post-operative care.
-
Pre-operative instructions: You'll receive specific instructions regarding fasting, medications, and what to bring to the hospital.
What to Expect During the Surgery?
The surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia, meaning you'll be asleep and pain-free during the procedure. The surgical incision is made in the armpit and lymph nodes are carefully removed. The size and location of the incision will depend on the type of surgery performed. After the nodes are removed, the surgeon will close the incision with stitches or staples.
What Happens After Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
After surgery, you'll be monitored in the recovery room. You'll likely experience some pain and swelling in the armpit. Pain management will be provided through medication. You'll need to follow post-operative care instructions carefully, including:
-
Wound care: Keeping the incision clean and dry is essential.
-
Pain management: Pain medication will be prescribed to help manage discomfort.
-
Arm exercises: You'll be given exercises to help prevent lymphedema (swelling) in the arm.
-
Follow-up appointments: Regular follow-up appointments with your surgeon and other healthcare professionals will be necessary to monitor healing and address any complications.
What are the Potential Complications of Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
Potential complications associated with axillary breast tissue removal include:
-
Lymphedema: This is the most common complication, characterized by swelling in the arm due to impaired lymphatic drainage.
-
Infection: As with any surgery, infection is a possibility.
-
Bleeding: Excessive bleeding can occur, requiring further intervention.
-
Numbness: Numbness or altered sensation in the arm or underarm is possible due to nerve damage.
-
Scarring: Surgical scars are inevitable, but the appearance will vary.
-
Limited range of motion: Temporary or permanent limited range of motion in the shoulder and arm might occur.
How Long is the Recovery Time?
Recovery time varies from patient to patient and depends on the extent of the surgery and individual factors. Complete recovery can take several weeks or months. You'll likely need assistance with daily activities initially.
How Common is Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
The frequency of axillary breast tissue removal depends on several factors, primarily the stage of breast cancer and the results of sentinel node biopsy. In many cases, sentinel node biopsy is the preferred initial approach, and axillary dissection may only be needed if cancer is found in the sentinel node.
Will I Need Physical Therapy After Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
Physical therapy is often recommended after axillary breast tissue removal, particularly to prevent and manage lymphedema and improve range of motion in the affected arm. The type and intensity of physical therapy will depend on your individual needs and recovery progress.
This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.
