Authentic amber, fossilized tree resin, is a prized gem coveted for its beauty and history. However, the market is rife with imitations, making it crucial to know how to distinguish real amber from its counterfeits. This guide will equip you with the knowledge to confidently identify genuine amber.
What is Amber?
Before diving into identification, let's understand what makes amber unique. Amber is formed from ancient tree resin that has hardened and fossilized over millions of years. This process results in a material with distinctive physical and chemical properties that set it apart from imitations.
How to Identify Real Amber: Key Tests and Indicators
Several methods can help you determine the authenticity of amber. It's best to combine multiple tests for a more accurate assessment.
1. The Saltwater Test
This is a classic and widely used test. Because amber has a lower density than saltwater, it will float.
- How to perform the test: Mix equal parts salt and water until no more salt dissolves (this creates a saturated saltwater solution). Carefully place the amber piece in the solution. If it floats, it's likely real amber. If it sinks, it's almost certainly a fake. Keep in mind that some very dark or dense amber may sink slightly, so observe carefully.
2. The Heat Test (Use Caution!)
This test should be performed with extreme caution, as excessive heat can damage amber. This method relies on amber's thermal properties.
- How to perform the test: Gently rub the amber against your teeth. Real amber will feel slightly sticky and warm. However, this method alone isn't conclusive and should never be used alone to authenticate amber.
3. The UV Light Test
Many types of amber fluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) light, exhibiting a range of colors from blue to green. However, this isn't foolproof. Some synthetic resins also fluoresce, and some genuine amber may not.
- How to perform the test: Use a UV light (long-wave is generally better) and shine it on the amber. Observe the reaction. Fluorescence is a helpful indicator but not definitive proof.
4. The Hot Needle Test (Use Extreme Caution!)
This is a destructive test, and should only be performed on a small, inconspicuous area of the amber.
- How to perform the test: Carefully heat a fine needle or pin in a flame (be extremely careful!). Gently touch the heated needle to a hidden area of the amber. Real amber will produce a pine-like smell due to the release of volatile compounds. Plastic or resin imitations will usually produce a pungent, unpleasant smell, or possibly melt. This test carries a significant risk of damaging the amber and should be done as a last resort.
5. Examine for Inclusions
Genuine amber often contains inclusions – tiny air bubbles, insects, plant matter, or other organic materials trapped within the resin during its formation. These inclusions are a strong indicator of authenticity but are not present in all pieces.
6. Consider the Price and Source
Be wary of unusually low prices. High-quality, authentic amber commands a higher price. Reputable sources and certificates of authenticity can enhance your confidence in a purchase. A reputable dealer will also be willing to answer your questions about the origin and testing processes of their amber.
What Materials are Often Mistaken for Amber?
Several materials are frequently passed off as amber. These include:
- Copal: A younger, less fossilized resin that is sometimes sold as amber. It's softer and often less well-preserved than genuine amber.
- Plastic: Various plastics are used to imitate amber. These can often be identified by their weight and lack of inclusions.
- Glass: Some glass imitations are expertly crafted, but closer examination can reveal inconsistencies in color and texture.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I tell if amber is real without damaging it?
The saltwater test and UV light test are the safest non-destructive methods for checking amber's authenticity. Examining for inclusions is also non-destructive.
Does all amber fluoresce under UV light?
No, not all amber fluoresces under UV light, even if it's genuine. The fluorescence varies depending on the type of amber and the UV light source used.
Is the saltwater test always accurate?
While the saltwater test is generally reliable, very dark or dense amber may sometimes sink slightly. Therefore, combining it with other tests is advisable for accurate identification.
Where can I find a reputable source of amber?
Seeking out reputable jewelers and amber specialists who provide certificates of authenticity is crucial. Online marketplaces can also be a source, but always proceed with caution and check seller reviews.
By employing these methods and exercising caution, you can significantly increase your chances of identifying genuine amber and avoiding imitations. Remember to always approach purchasing amber with a critical eye and prioritize reputable sources.
