Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last teeth to erupt in the mouth, typically appearing between the ages of 17 and 25. However, many people experience problems with their wisdom teeth, particularly when they come in sideways, a condition known as impaction. This can lead to a range of issues, from discomfort and pain to serious dental problems. This comprehensive guide will explore the complexities of impacted wisdom teeth, delving into the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and available treatment options.
What Causes Wisdom Teeth to Come in Sideways?
Several factors contribute to wisdom teeth erupting at an angle or becoming impacted. The primary cause is a lack of space in the jaw. As we grow, our jaws don't always accommodate the development of these late-arriving teeth. This lack of space forces them to grow at an angle, against other teeth, or become completely trapped beneath the gum line. Other contributing factors include:
- Genetics: A family history of impacted wisdom teeth significantly increases your risk.
- Jaw Size: Smaller jaws are more prone to impaction.
- Early Tooth Loss: Loss of baby teeth or permanent teeth early in life can disrupt the normal eruption pattern.
What are the Symptoms of a Sideways Wisdom Tooth?
Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the impaction. Some individuals experience no noticeable symptoms at all, while others suffer significant discomfort. Common symptoms include:
- Pain and Swelling: Persistent pain or throbbing in the back of the mouth, often accompanied by swelling in the gums.
- Gum Irritation: Redness, inflammation, and tenderness around the wisdom teeth.
- Difficulty Opening Mouth: In severe cases, impaction can restrict jaw movement.
- Infection: Bacteria can become trapped around a partially erupted wisdom tooth, causing an infection (pericoronitis). This manifests as severe pain, swelling, and possibly fever.
- Jaw Pain: Pain radiating to the jaw, ear, or temple.
How are Impacted Wisdom Teeth Diagnosed?
A dentist or oral surgeon can accurately diagnose impacted wisdom teeth through a thorough examination and imaging techniques. This usually involves:
- Visual Examination: The dentist will visually inspect your mouth to assess the position and eruption of your wisdom teeth.
- X-Rays (Panoramic X-Ray): This imaging technique provides a detailed view of your entire jaw, allowing the dentist to visualize the position, angle, and relationship of the impacted wisdom teeth to surrounding teeth and structures.
What are the Treatment Options for Sideways Wisdom Teeth?
Treatment options depend on the severity of the impaction and the presence of symptoms. The main treatment options are:
- Monitoring: If the wisdom teeth are asymptomatic and not causing any problems, your dentist might recommend monitoring their development with periodic check-ups.
- Extraction: Surgical removal is the most common treatment for impacted wisdom teeth, especially those growing sideways. This procedure involves removing the tooth, often under local or general anesthesia.
Do I Need to Remove a Sideways Wisdom Tooth?
Whether or not you need to remove a sideways wisdom tooth depends on several factors. Your dentist will consider the severity of the impaction, the presence of symptoms, the risk of future complications, and your overall oral health. Removal is often recommended if the tooth is causing pain, infection, or poses a risk to surrounding teeth.
What Happens if I Don't Remove an Impacted Wisdom Tooth?
Leaving an impacted wisdom tooth untreated can lead to several complications:
- Infection (Pericoronitis): Recurrent infections around the partially erupted tooth.
- Cysts or Tumors: Impacted teeth can sometimes form cysts or tumors that damage adjacent teeth and bone.
- Damage to Adjacent Teeth: The impacted tooth can push against neighboring teeth, causing crowding, misalignment, or damage.
- Gum Disease: Difficult to clean the area around an impacted tooth properly can lead to gum disease.
How Long Does Wisdom Tooth Removal Take?
The duration of wisdom tooth removal varies based on the complexity of the impaction and the individual's anatomy. Simple extractions might take only a few minutes, while more complex cases may require longer procedures.
Will it Hurt After Wisdom Tooth Removal?
Some discomfort and swelling are expected after wisdom tooth removal. Your dentist will prescribe pain medication and provide aftercare instructions to manage the discomfort.
This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. It is crucial to consult with a qualified dentist or oral surgeon for diagnosis and treatment of impacted wisdom teeth. They can perform a proper examination and recommend the most appropriate course of action based on your individual circumstances.
